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1.
Rev Neurol ; 71(6): 221-224, 2020 Sep 16.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32895905

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by abnormal gating of mutant acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction. Its pathological hallmark is selective degeneration of the endplate and postsynaptic membrane due to calcium overload. Pyridostigmine should be avoided in this syndrome, being quinidine or fluoxetine the current recommended therapies. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old girl with a limb-girdle phenotype of slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndrome presenting with a slowly progressive fatigable weakness at the age of 8 years. After a clinical worsening with pyridostigmine, empirically started before the exome sequencing results were available, a dramatic and sustained response to ephedrine monotherapy was observed. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous mutation in CHRNB1 gene: c.865G>A; p.Val289Met (NM_000747.2). An abnormal decrement in amplitude (23.9%) from the first to fifth intravollley waveform was revealed after repetitive peroneal nerve stimulation at low frequencies. In addition, a second smaller compound muscle action potential after the peak of the main M-wave in median, ulnar and peroneal motor nerves was observed. CONCLUSION: Favorable responses to adrenergic agonists added to fluoxetine had been reported. However, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report on effective monotherapy with ephedrine in a slow-channel congenital myasthenic syndrome patient. Adrenergic agonists may be considered as a therapeutic option in patients with this syndrome.


TITLE: Respuesta clínica y neurofisiológica a la efedrina en un paciente con síndrome miasténico congénito de canal lento.Introducción. El síndrome miasténico congénito de canal lento, o síndrome de canales lentos, es un trastorno neuromuscular progresivo hereditario, autosómico dominante, causado por una activación anormal de los receptores de la acetilcolina en la unión neuromuscular. La alteración histopatológica característica es la degeneración selectiva de la placa terminal y la membrana postsináptica debido a la sobrecarga de calcio. La piridostigmina debe evitarse en este síndrome, y la quinidina o la fluoxetina son las terapias recomendadas actualmente. Caso clínico. Niña de 11 años con un fenotipo de cinturas de síndrome miasténico congénito de canal lento que presenta debilidad y fatiga lentamente progresivas desde los 8 años. Tras un empeoramiento clínico con piridostigmina, iniciado empíricamente antes de que los resultados de la secuenciación del exoma estuvieran disponibles, se observó una respuesta espectacular y sostenida con efedrina en monoterapia. La secuenciación del exoma reveló una mutación heterocigota de novo en el gen CHRNB1: c.865G>A; p.Val289Met (NM_000747.2). El estudio electromiográfico con estimulación repetitiva en el nervio peroneo mostró una disminución anormal en la amplitud (23,9%) y también la génesis de un segundo potencial de acción muscular compuesto más pequeño después del pico de la onda M principal en los nervios motores mediano, cubital y peroneo. Conclusión. Aunque se han documentado respuestas favorables a agonistas adrenérgicos en asociación con la fluoxetina, ésta representa la primera aportación que documenta una respuesta clínica relevante con efedrina en monoterapia en un paciente con síndrome miasténico congénito de canal lento. Los agonistas adrenérgicos pueden considerarse una opción terapéutica en pacientes con este síndrome.


Assuntos
Efedrina/uso terapêutico , Síndromes Miastênicas Congênitas/tratamento farmacológico , Alelos , Criança , Eletromiografia , Efedrina/farmacologia , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Debilidade Muscular/induzido quimicamente , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Síndromes Miastênicas Congênitas/genética , Síndromes Miastênicas Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Fenótipo , Mutação Puntual , Brometo de Piridostigmina/efeitos adversos , Brometo de Piridostigmina/uso terapêutico , Receptores Nicotínicos/genética
2.
Rev Neurol ; 69(12): 492-496, 2019 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31820818

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aetiology of autosomal dominant mental retardation type 1, also known as pseudo-Angelman, MBD5-associated neurodevelopmental disorder or MBD5 haploinsufficiency, lies in a microdeletion of chromosome 2q23.1 or in a specific alteration of the MBD5 gene, which constitutes the minimum region affected in the aforementioned microdeletion. AIM: To report the case of a girl with a heterozygous de novo mutation in the MBD5 gene associated with bilateral band heterotopia and polymicrogyria. CASE REPORT: We report the case of an 8-year-old girl who was submitted to a developmental follow-up from the age of 18 months after presenting the association of severe intellectual disability and motor delay, lack of language development, segmental hypotonia, a wide forehead and kyphoscoliosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the presence of a bilateral band heterotopia and parietooccipital polymicrogiria predominant on the left side. In the exome the de novo heterozygous variant c.397+1G>C was detected in the MBD5 gene. CONCLUSION: This is the first observation of a heterozygous mutation in the MBD5 gene associated with a neuronal migration disorder.


TITLE: Mutación de novo en heterocigosis en el gen MBD5 asociada a heterotopía en banda bilateral y polimicrogiria.Introducción. La etiología del retraso mental autosómico dominante 1, también conocido como pseudo-Angelman, trastorno del neurodesarrollo asociado a MBD5 o haploinsuficiencia MBD5, radica en una microdeleción del cromosoma 2q23.1 o en una alteración específica del gen MBD5, que constituye la mínima región afectada en la citada microdeleción. Objetivo. Comunicar el caso de una niña con una mutación heterocigota y de novo en el gen MBD5 asociada a heterotopía en banda bilateral y polimicrogiria. Caso clínico. Niña de 8 años, seguida evolutivamente desde los 18 meses por presentar la asociación de discapacidad intelectual y retraso motor graves, ausencia de desarrollo del lenguaje, hipotonía segmentaria, frente ancha y cifoescoliosis. En la resonancia magnética cerebral se observó la presencia de una heterotopía en banda bilateral y polimicrogiria parietooccipital de predominio izquierdo. En el exoma se detectó la variante de novo c.397+1G>C en heterocigosis en el gen MBD5. Conclusión. Constituye la primera observación con una mutación heterocigota en el gen MBD5 asociada a un trastorno en la migración neuronal.


Assuntos
Lissencefalias Clássicas e Heterotopias Subcorticais em Banda/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Mutação , Polimicrogiria/genética , Criança , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos
4.
Rev Neurol ; 67(9): 339-342, 2018 Nov 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30350845

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-6 is a rare and early onset neurodegenerative disease which entails a clinical pattern of pyramidal-extrapyramidal and cerebellar involvement and it comes with a neuroimaging consisting of hypomielination, cerebellar hypoplasia and specific abnormalities in basal ganglia, particularly the absence or nearly absence of putamen and the possible loss of caudate's volume. It is due to an alteration in tubulin and it is determined by mutations in heterocygosis in TUBB4A gene, showing complete penetrance. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old child with history of delayed motor development, tremor, dysathria, ataxia, nystagmus, cognitive deficit and dystonia with pattern of hypomielination, vermis hypoplasia and absence of putamen. These findings, although distinctive, had been underestimated in previous evaluations and their detection determined the analyse and identification of a pathogenic variant in TUBB4A gene. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive deterioration leads the patient to total dependence or death in infancy or youth and there is no specific treatment capable of modifying its natural course.


TITLE: Leucodistrofia hipomielinizante de tipo 6. Claves clinicas y de neuroimagen en la deteccion de un nuevo caso.Introduccion. La leucodistrofia hipomielinizante de tipo 6 es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa rara de inicio temprano que cursa clinicamente con un patron de afectacion piramidoextrapiramidal y cerebeloso, y asocia en neuroimagen hipomielinizacion, hipoplasia cerebelosa y anomalias especificas en los ganglios basales, en concreto atrofia o practica ausencia del putamen y posible perdida del volumen del caudado. Se debe a una alteracion en la tubulina, esta condicionada por mutaciones en heterocigosis en el gen TUBB4A y muestra una penetrancia completa y una expresividad variable. Caso clinico. Niño de 8 años con clinica de retraso de la marcha, temblor, disartria, ataxia, nistagmo, afectacion cognitiva y distonia, con un patron de hipomielinizacion, hipoplasia vermiana y ausencia del putamen. Estos hallazgos, aunque distintivos, habian sido infraestimados en valoraciones previas y su objetivacion conllevo el analisis y la identificacion de una variante patogena en el gen TUBB4A. Conclusiones. El deterioro progresivo lleva al paciente a la dependencia total o el fallecimiento en la infancia o la juventud, y no existe tratamiento especifico capaz de modificar su curso natural.


Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neuroimagem , Criança , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Mutação , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética
6.
Rev Neurol ; 66(S01): S121-S126, 2018 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29516464

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with at least one pupil per classroom, poses a challenge for all the professionals in contact with them, especially for teachers. AIM: To examine how much primary school teachers know about ADHD in three areas (general information, symptoms and diagnosis, and treatment). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 125 primary school teachers from different communities answered the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (KADDS). RESULTS: The teachers answered fewer than half the items correctly, the symptoms and diagnosis subscale being the one where they were seen to be most knowledgeable. Teachers who had had children with ADHD in class displayed greater knowledge in the areas of general information and treatment, but less on the symptoms and diagnosis subscale. 32.8% of the teachers reported feeling somewhat or totally unable to teach children with ADHD in an effective way and recommend special education as a better educational style. Teachers with specific training in ADHD obtained better scores than those who had not received such instruction. CONCLUSION: Teachers with training in ADHD are more knowledgeable and more confident about their abilities when it comes to teaching children with ADHD.


TITLE: Estudio de los conocimientos de los maestros de educacion primaria sobre el trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad.Introduccion. La alta prevalencia del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH), con al menos un alumno por aula, supone un reto para todos los profesionales que estan en contacto con ellos, en especial para los maestros. Objetivo. Examinar los conocimientos de los maestros de educacion primaria sobre el TDAH en tres areas (informacion general, sintomas y diagnostico, y tratamiento). Sujetos y metodos. Un total de 125 maestros de educacion primaria de varias comunidades cumplimentaron la Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (KADDS). Resultados. Los maestros contestaron de forma correcta a menos de la mitad de los items, y la subescala de sintomas y diagnostico es donde mas conocimientos demostraron. Los maestros que habian tenido niños con TDAH en clase mostraron mas conocimientos en las areas de informacion general y tratamiento, pero no en la subescala de sintomas y diagnostico. Un 32,8% de los maestros describe sentirse poco o nada capaz de enseñar eficazmente a niños con TDAH y recomienda la educacion especial como mejor estilo educativo. Los maestros con formacion especifica en TDAH obtuvieron mejores resultados en la KADDS en comparacion con los maestros sin formacion. Conclusion. Los maestros formados en TDAH demuestran un mayor grado de conocimiento y aumenta su confianza para llevar a cabo la labor educativa de los niños con TDAH.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Professores Escolares/psicologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Educação Especial , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Avaliação de Sintomas , Ensino/psicologia
7.
Rev Neurol ; 66(5): 147-153, 2018 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29480510

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Functional hemispherectomy consists in palliative epilepsy surgical procedure usually performed in patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy and hemispheric syndromes. It is based on the neural disconnection of the affected hemisphere with preservation of the vascular supply. AIM: To analyze long-term prognosis and safety of the hemispherectomies performed in our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis collecting the following variables: age, gender, age of epilepsy onset, type of seizures, etiology, age of epilepsy surgery, prognosis and potential surgical complications. All patients had a minimum of five years of follow up. RESULTS: Five patients (60% females) underwent hemispherotomy between 1999 and 2010. Age of epilepsy onset was 36 months and time of evolution until surgery was 7 years. The most frequent type of seizures were simple motor seizures with secondary generalization (n = 5). Three patients remained seizure free persistently after surgery and another patient had a more than 90% improvement. Time of follow up was 13 years. One patient suffered a bacterial meningitis without sequelae. Six years after surgery a patient suffered hydrocephalous requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt. CONCLUSIONS: Functional hemispherectomy constitutes an effective method to treat patients with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy, extensive unihemispheric pathology and seizures limited to that hemisphere. Late complications may occur thus long-term follow-up is needed.


TITLE: Hemisferectomia funcional: seguimiento a largo plazo en una serie de cinco casos.Introduccion. La hemisferectomia funcional es una de las tecnicas quirurgicas con intencion paliativa que se pueden realizar en pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente y sindromes hemisfericos. Se basa en la desconexion neuronal del hemisferio afectado preservando el arbol vascular. Objetivo. Analizar el pronostico y la seguridad a largo plazo de las hemisferectomias realizadas en nuestro centro. Pacientes y metodos. Revision retrospectiva de los casos intervenidos, recogiendo las siguientes variables clinicas: edad, sexo, edad de inicio de la epilepsia, tipo de crisis, etiologia de la epilepsia, edad de intervencion, pronostico posquirurgico y posibles complicaciones. El seguimiento minimo fue de cinco años. Resultados. Cinco pacientes (60% mujeres) fueron intervenidos entre 1999 y 2010. La edad de inicio de la epilepsia fue de 36 meses, y el tiempo de evolucion hasta la cirugia, de 7 años. El tipo de crisis mas habitual fueron las crisis parciales simples motoras con generalizacion secundaria (n = 5). Tres pacientes permanecieron libres de crisis tras la cirugia, y otro paciente mejoro mas de un 90%. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 13 años. Como complicaciones, una paciente sufrio una meningitis bacteriana sin secuelas posteriores. A los seis años de la cirugia, un paciente presento una hidrocefalia que requirio la implantacion de una valvula de derivacion ventriculoperitoneal. Conclusiones. La hemisferectomia funcional constituye un procedimiento quirurgico eficaz para el tratamiento de pacientes con epilepsia farmacorresistente, patologia hemisferica extensa y crisis limitadas a ese hemisferio. Hay complicaciones que pueden aparecer tardiamente, por lo que se aconseja un seguimiento a largo plazo de estos pacientes.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/cirurgia , Hemisferectomia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/etiologia , Feminino , Hipóxia Fetal/complicações , Seguimentos , Hemisferectomia/efeitos adversos , Hemisferectomia/métodos , Hemisferectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipocampo/patologia , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Hidrocefalia/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Meningites Bacterianas/etiologia , Meningite Meningocócica/complicações , Neuroimagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Prognóstico , Esclerose , Resultado do Tratamento , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Adulto Jovem
8.
Rev Neurol ; 64(s01): S105-S109, 2017 Feb 24.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28256696

RESUMO

AIM: To know the current state of the approach of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in neuropediatricians. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A telematic survey was carried out to collect preliminary information on the interest, difficulties in the management and treatment of ADHD to the 437 fellowship of the Neuropediactric Spanish Society (SENEP). RESULTS: Only 32.49% of the sent questionnaires were answered, with important geographic variability. 97.89% stated that 50% of their consultations were children with learning disabilities and ADHD. Regarding who started treatment for ADHD in their area, the majority answered that the neuropediatrician (57.97%), followed by the child psychiatrist (34.78%) and the primary care pediatrician (5.31%). The lack of a psycho-pedagogical study by the school (49.79%), followed by the lack of time in the consultation (29.11%), was cited as the greatest difficulty in the initial assessment of children with suspected ADHD. Concerning the difficulties in the follow-up, the biggest complaint was the lack of coordination between professionals, the school and parents. And, lastly, regarding the type of treatment use, most patients were on prolonged-release methylphenidate, a stable percentage using immediate release methylphenidate as a single or combined treatment, and in a lower range was the use of clonidine and atomoxetine, and an incipient use of lisdexamphetamine were observed. 80% of the patient showed adherence to pharmacological treatment after one year. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to advance in the training and continuous education of our neuropediatric specialists in ADHD and to homogenize the clinical practice and coordination with education system in the Spanish territory.


TITLE: Estado actual del enfoque del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad en neuropediatria.Objetivo. Conocer el estado actual del enfoque del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) entre los neuropediatras. Sujetos y metodos. Se realizo una encuesta telematica que recogia informacion preliminar sobre el interes, las dificultades en el manejo y el tratamiento del TDAH a los 437 socios de la Sociedad Española de Neurologia Pediatrica. Resultados. Respondio un 32,49% de los cuestionarios enviados, con una importante variabilidad geografica. El 97,89% afirmo que el 50% de sus consultas eran niños con trastornos de aprendizaje y TDAH. Respecto a quien iniciaba el tratamiento para el TDAH en su area, la mayoria contesto que el neuropediatra (57,97%), seguido del psiquiatra infantil (34,78%) y del pediatra de atencion primaria (5,31%). Respecto a las mayores dificultades para la valoracion inicial de los niños con sospecha de TDAH, se citaron la falta de un estudio psicopedagogico por parte de la escuela (49,79%), seguido de la falta de tiempo en la consulta (29,11%). Sobre las dificultades en el seguimiento, la mayor queja se produjo por la falta de coordinacion entre los profesionales, la escuela y los padres. Respecto a la medicacion, la mayoria de los pacientes se encontraba en tratamiento con algun tipo de metilfenidato de liberacion prolongada, un porcentaje estable utilizaba metilfenidato de liberacion inmediata como tratamiento unico o combinado, y se observo en un rango inferior el uso de clonidina y atomoxetina, y un incipiente uso de lisdexanfetamina. La adhesion al tratamiento farmacologico al año fue alrededor del 80%. Conclusiones. Es necesario avanzar en la capacitacion y educacion continua de nuestros especialistas neuropediatricos en el manejo del TDAH, y en homogeneizar la practica clinica y la coordinacion con educacion en el territorio español.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/terapia , Criança , Humanos , Neurologia , Pediatria , Padrões de Prática Médica
9.
Rev Neurol ; 63(7): 309-14, 2016 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27658362

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome is a rare progressive subacute encephalopathy of early onset - generally in the first year of life - characterised by psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, alterations in the white matter of the brain, intracranial calcifications, pleocytosis and elevated levels of interferon alpha in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is associated to an increase in the expression of genes stimulated by interferon in peripheral blood, a fact known as the interferon signature. The levels of genes stimulated by interferon has been postulated as a good biomarker, as they remain high in peripheral blood over time and are more sensitive, in comparison to determinations of interferon alpha and neopterins in cerebrospinal fluid, which descend as of one year of life. To date, mutations have been reported in seven genes that overstimulate the interferon alpha pathway, and the last to be discovered is IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), with a pattern of dominant autosomal inheritance. CASE REPORT: We present the first case reported in the Hispanic literature caused by a de novo mutation in the IFIH1 gene. The clinical features, studies conducted and review of the clinical, neuroradiological and genetic aspects are described. CONCLUSIONS: The inheritance of the mutations reported for Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome was classically considered as being recessive autosomal, but these findings show that dominant autosomal mutations in the IFIH1 gene can cause the disease. As a previously unreported neuroimaging finding, it presents a lesion consisting in cystic encephalomalacia in the pons.


TITLE: Sindrome de Aicardi-Goutieres por mutacion en el gen IFIH1 con afectacion pontina. A proposito de un caso.Introduccion. El sindrome de Aicardi-Goutieres es una rara encefalopatia subaguda progresiva de inicio precoz ­generalmente en el primer año de vida­ caracterizada por retraso psicomotor, microcefalia, alteraciones en la sustancia blanca cerebral, calcificaciones intracraneales, pleocitosis y niveles elevados de interferon alfa en el liquido cefalorraquideo. Asocia un incremento en la expresion de los genes estimulados por interferon en la sangre periferica, hecho conocido como interferon signature. Los niveles de genes estimulados por interferon se han postulado como un buen biomarcador, pues se mantienen elevados en la sangre periferica en el tiempo y son mas sensibles, en comparacion con las determinaciones de interferon alfa y neopterinas en el liquido cefalorraquideo, las cuales descienden a partir del año de vida. Hasta la fecha se han descrito mutaciones en siete genes que sobreestimulan la via del interferon alfa, y el ultimo en descubrirse ha sido el IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1), con un patron de herencia autosomico dominante. Caso clinico. Se presenta el primer caso descrito en la bibliografia hispana debido a mutacion de novo en el gen IFIH1. Se expone el cuadro clinico, los estudios realizados y la revision de los aspectos clinicos, neurorradiologicos y geneticos. Conclusiones. La herencia de las mutaciones descritas para el sindrome de Aicardi-Goutieres era clasicamente autosomica recesiva, pero estos hallazgos muestran que mutaciones autosomicas dominantes en el gen IFIH1 pueden causar la enfermedad. Como hallazgo de neuroimagen no descrito previamente, presenta una lesion de encefalomalacia quistica en la protuberancia.


Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Helicase IFIH1 Induzida por Interferon/genética , Malformações do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Genes Dominantes , Humanos , Mutação
10.
Rev Neurol ; 63(1): 11-8, 2016 Jul 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27345275

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The vagus nerve stimulator is a therapeutic alternative in patients with epilepsy which is refractory to treatment with antiepileptic drugs that are not candidates for surgical resection. AIM: To analyse the effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulator in the paediatric patients of our centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Set of 13 patients implanted between 2008 y 2013. It was registered the frequency of crises prior to implantation, after a year and at the end of the monitoring period. As well, it was recorded the number of antiepileptic drugs used and in a qualitative way the behavioural improvement and the change in the intensity of the crises, besides the apparition of secondary effects and the removal or not of the device. RESULTS: After a year, two years and at the end of the monitoring period it has been a fall in the number of crises about of 61%, 66.7% y 69% respectively, finding one patient free of crises after two years. At the end of the monitoring period, the 23% of those who had reduced their crises had experimented a reduction over 90%. Independently the effect on the number of crises, 77% of the patients presented an improvement in the intensity and the length of the crises, the same average showed a behavioural improvement. The secondary effects appeared in a 30.7% of the patients, being of mild intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small size of our sample, our results shows that the vagus nerve stimulator has a relevant efficacy over the pediatric drug resistant population, as much in the frequency and intensity of the crises, as over the behaviour.


TITLE: Analisis retrospectivo sobre el efecto del estimulador vagal implantado en pacientes pediatricos con epilepsia refractaria.Introduccion. El estimulador vagal es una alternativa terapeutica en los pacientes con epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento con farmacos antiepilepticos que no son candidatos a cirugia de reseccion. Objetivo. Analizar la eficacia del estimulador vagal en los pacientes pediatricos de nuestro centro. Pacientes y metodos. Conjunto de 13 pacientes implantados entre los años 2008 y 2013. Se registro la frecuencia de crisis previa a la implantacion, al año, a los dos años y al final del seguimiento. Asimismo, se recogio el numero de farmacos antiepilepticos utilizados, de forma cualitativa la mejoria conductual y el cambio en la intensidad de las crisis, asi como la aparicion de efectos secundarios y la retirada o no del dispositivo. Resultados. Al año, a los dos años y al final del seguimiento se habia producido una reduccion en el numero de crisis del 61%, 66,7% y 69%, respectivamente, y uno de los pacientes se encontro libre de crisis a los dos años. Al final del seguimiento, un 23% de los que habian disminuido sus crisis habia experimentado una reduccion superior al 90%. De forma independiente al efecto sobre el numero de crisis, el 77% de los pacientes presento una mejoria en la intensidad y duracion de las crisis, y ese mismo porcentaje mostro una mejoria conductual. Los efectos secundarios aparecieron en un 30,7% de los pacientes y fueron de intensidad leve. Conclusiones. A pesar del pequeño tamaño de la muestra, nuestros resultados indican que el estimulador vagal tiene una eficacia relevante en la poblacion pediatrica farmacorresistente, tanto sobre la frecuencia e intensidad de las crisis como sobre la conducta.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/terapia , Estimulação do Nervo Vago , Anticonvulsivantes , Criança , Eletrodos Implantados , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Nervo Vago
11.
Rev Neurol ; 61(6): 255-60, 2015 Sep 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26350776

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The 3q29 microdeletion and microduplication syndromes are characterised by a marked phenotypic heterogeneity, and delayed development and a mild-moderate degree of intellectual disability are the most frequent clinical manifestations. CASE REPORTS: Two patients with reciprocal chromosomal aberrations in the 3q29 region. The patient with 3q29 microdeletion presented learning disabilities, borderline microcephaly, mild facial dysmorphism, attentional deficit and impulsiveness, and anxious and obsessive traits. The patient with reciprocal 3q29 microduplication presented learning disabilities, mild facial dysmorphism and a disruptive behavioural profile that was not previously associated with this duplication. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypes of these patients are compared and the literature about paediatric patients with 3q29 microdeletions and microduplications is reviewed.


TITLE: Caracterizacion molecular y descripcion fenotipica de dos casos con aberraciones cromosomicas reciprocas en la region de los sindromes de microdelecion/microduplicacion 3q29.Introduccion. Los sindromes de microdelecion y microduplicacion 3q29 se caracterizan por una marcada heterogeneidad fenotipica, y el retraso del desarrollo y la discapacidad intelectual de grado leve-moderado son las manifestaciones clinicas mas frecuentes. Casos clinicos. Dos pacientes con aberraciones cromosomicas reciprocas en la region 3q29. La paciente con la microdelecion 3q29 presenta dificultades de aprendizaje, microcefalia limite, dismorfismo facial leve, deficit atencional e impulsividad, y rasgos ansiosos y obsesivos. El paciente con la microduplicacion 3q29 reciproca presenta dificultades de aprendizaje, dismorfismo facial leve y un perfil conductual disruptivo no asociado previamente con esta duplicacion. Conclusion. Se comparan los fenotipos de estos pacientes y se revisa la bibliografia de pacientes pediatricos con microdeleciones y microduplicaciones 3q29.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/ultraestrutura , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/genética , Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 3/genética , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Feminino , Dosagem de Genes , Duplicação Gênica , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/genética , Masculino , Fenótipo
18.
Rev Neurol ; 47 Suppl 1: S65-73, 2008.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18767018

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT: Paediatric neurology is fully aware of the fact that important advances in genetics are being applied to the clinical and prenatal diagnoses of a wide range of diseases. The discovery of new genes related to a growing number of pathologies with neurological implications opens up new diagnostic approaches and provides information that is very useful in the process of detecting carriers and identifying pre-symptomatic individuals. More selective genetic techniques with higher resolutions are increasingly more commonly available in genetic laboratories, as is the possibility of sequencing and searching for specific mutations in certain genes; for some processes their application to clinical practice has made them the initial diagnostic approach. A precise clinical orientation and knowledge of their applications and limitations is essential, and requires an increasingly close relationship between clinicians and geneticists in order to design a tailored diagnostic protocol that offers a rational balance between technical availability, cost, time and relevance of the findings. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss some of the current aspects and considerations about advances in specific neuropaediatric pathologies, within the group of neuromuscular disorders, mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Criança , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/genética , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Neurologia/métodos , Doenças Neuromusculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Neuromusculares/genética , Pediatria/métodos
19.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 69(3): 239-43, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18775269

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Glutaric Acidaemia type I (GA-I) is an autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative inborn error of metabolism caused by deficient activity of the enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). In most cases, the diagnosis is established biochemically by the detection of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxy glutaric acid in urine and glutarylcarnitine in plasma. Patients excreting small amounts of glutaric acid may be overlooked. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of expanded newborn screening by adding the measurement of urine glutarylcarnitine to conventional chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the diagnosis of GA-1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report clinical and biochemical data in 5 GA-I patients diagnosed in our Hospital. Details regarding biochemical diagnosis are emphasised and the absence or presence of symptoms was correlated with neuroimaging findings, age at diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: Two patients showed high glutarylcarnitine levels in plasma and were identified by routine newborn GC-MS screening. Following early appropriate treatment they are asymptomatic 6 years later. Two patients with delayed diagnosis displayed neurological sequels in spite of treatment. The remaining patient, who presented with encephalopathic episode at age 8 months showed normal glutarylcarnitine levels in routine plasma GC-MS but high urine glutarylcarnitine levels in a retrospectively screened urine sample from the newborn period. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment seems to positively influence the clinical evolution of GA-I patients. Thus, improving the identification of GA-I represents an important diagnostic challenge. The urinary excretion of glutarylcarnitine is a specific biochemical marker of GA-I and allows the identification of patients without glutaric aciduria and with normal plasma acylcarnitine profiles.


Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/terapia , Glutaratos/sangue , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prognóstico
20.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 69(3): 239-243, sept. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67456

RESUMO

Introducción. La aciduria glutárica tipo I (AG-I) es un desorden metabólico de herencia autosómica recesiva y carácter progresivo debido al déficit de la enzima glutaril-CoA-deshidrogenasa (GCDH). El diagnóstico se realiza generalmente por una elevación del ácido glutárico y 3-hidroxiglutárico en la orina y de la glutarilcarnitina en el plasma. Existen casos falsos negativos en relación con la baja tasa excretora del ácido glutárico. Objetivo. Resaltar la importancia de la ampliación del cribado neonatal por espectrofotometría de masas en tándem (MS/MS) mediante la inclusión de la medición de glutarilcarnitina en la orina para su diagnóstico. Material y métodos. Se aportan los datos clínicos y el perfil bioquímico que llevaron al diagnóstico en 5 pacientes diagnosticados de AG-I en nuestro centro. Se analiza la evolución clínica y de neuroimagen en función de la edad, el diagnóstico y el inicio del tratamiento. Resultados. Dos casos de diagnóstico por cribado convencional mediante MS/MS siguieron un tratamiento precoz y están asintomáticos 6 años después. Dos pacientes de diagnóstico y tratamiento tardíos presentan secuelas neurológicas. El último paciente, diagnosticado a los 8 meses tras una presentación aguda encefalopática, mostraba valores de glutarilcarnitina en plasma en rango normal, mientras que el análisis retrospectivo de la orina del período neonatal reveló valores elevados de glutarilcarnitina. Conclusiones. El tratamiento temprano parece asociarse a una evolución neurológica favorable en pacientes con AG-I, por lo que su identificación precoz constituye un reto diagnóstico. La excreción urinaria de glutarilcarnitina es un marcador específico de AG-I y permite la identificación de pacientes sin aciduria glutárica y valores normales de glutarilcarnitina en sangre


Introduction. Glutaric Acidaemia type I (GA-I) is an autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative inborn error of metabolism caused by deficient activity of the enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). In most cases, the diagnosis is established biochemically by the detection of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxy glutaric acid in urine and glutarylcarnitine in plasma. Patients excreting small amounts of glutaric acid may be overlooked. Objective. To investigate the value of expanded newborn screening by adding the measurement of urine glutarylcarnitine to conventional chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the diagnosis of GA-1. Material and methods. We report clinical and biochemical data in 5 GA-I patients diagnosed in our Hospital. Details regarding biochemical diagnosis are emphasised and the absence or presence of symptoms was correlated with neuroimaging findings, age at diagnosis and treatment. Results. Two patients showed high glutarylcarnitine levels in plasma and were identified by routine newborn GC-MS screening. Following early appropriate treatment they are asymptomatic 6 years later. Two patients with delayed diagnosis displayed neurological sequels in spite of treatment. The remaining patient, who presented with encephalopathic episode at age 8 months showed normal glutarylcarnitine levels in routine plasma GC-MS but high urine glutarylcarnitine levels in a retrospectively screened urine sample from the newborn period. Conclusions. Early treatment seems to positively influence the clinical evolution of GA-I patients. Thus, improving the identification of GA-I represents an important diagnostic challenge. The urinary excretion of glutarylcarnitine is a specific biochemical marker of GA-I and allows the identification of patients without glutaric aciduria and with normal plasma acylcarnitine profiles


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Metabólicas/terapia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Programas de Rastreamento , Prognóstico
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